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where f1, f2, etc. represent the weighting factors (expressed as decimals) and exam1, exam2, etc. represent the individual exam scores. 8.53 Problems 4.51 and 5.41 present the following lists of countries and their corresponding capitals. Canada England France Germany India Italy Japan Mexico People's Republic of China Russia Spain United States Ottawa London Paris Berlin New Delhi Rome Tokyo Mexico City Beijing Moscow Madrid Washington

Fig. 12-18

If the current and previous pointers are both NULL, then either the list is empty or it has only one item. So setting current equal to the list s first pointer will either make current NULL or leave it pointing to the first item in the list. If current is NULL but previous is pointing to a node, then we simply reset current to point to the item that follows that node. Finally, the function returns 0 or 1 according to whether current is NULL. This allows the function to be invoked in the form

if (!it) . . .

PRINCIPLE 10:

where i t is an iterator. The expression ( ! i t ) is read a current item exists, because the function will return 1 (i.e., true ) if current is not NULL. We use this function to check the status of the current pointer before invoking an insertion or deletion function that requires using the pointer.

Perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other. (Negative reciprocals are numbers, such as 2 and 5, whose product is 1.) 5 2

The operator++0 increments the iterator by advancing its current pointer to the next item in the list after advancing its previous pointer. It precedes this action with the same resetting procedure that the operator ! ( ) function performed if it finds the current pointer NULL:

PRINCIPLE 11:

int ListIter<Tx:operator++()

Lines whose slopes are negative reciprocals of each other are perpendicular. (This is the converse of Principle 10.)

// reset current pointer if (current == NULL) == NULL) current = list.first; if (previous else current = previous->next; // advance current pointer else { previous = current; current = current->next; return (current != NULL); // returns TRUE if current exists

Write a Visual Basic program that will accept the name of a country as input and then display the corresponding capital, and vice versa. Use a two-dimensional array (12 rows, 2 columns) to represent the two lists. Compare this version of the program with those written for Problems 4.51 and 5.41. 8.54 Write a Visual Basic program that calculates the variance, var, of a list of numbers two different ways, using the following two formulas: var = [ (x1 avg) 2 + (x2 avg) 2 + and var = (x12 + x22 + + xn 2 ) / n + (xn avg) 2 ] / n

This operator allows for easy traversal of the list:

Collinear points are points which lie on the same straight line. Thus, A, B, and C are collinear points here:

for (it.reset(); !it; it++) . . .

PRINCIPLE 12:

just like an ordinary for loop traversing an array. It resets the iterator to locate the first item in the list. Then after visiting that item, it increments the iterator to advance and visit the next item. The loop continues as long as ! it returns true , which means that there is still an item to be visited. The ins er t ( t > function creates a new node for t and then inserts that node immediately after the current node:

Thus if PQ above is a straight line, the slope of the segment from A to B equals the slope of the segment from C to Q.

template<class T> void ListIter<T>::insert(T t) { ListNode<T>* p = list.newNode(t,O); if (list.isEmpty()) list-first = p; else { p->next = current->next; current->next = p;

PRINCIPLE 13:

The insert operation can be visualized like this:

If the slope of a segment between a first point and a second equals the slope of the segment between either point and a third, then the points are collinear.

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