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protected: int i0; >; This Array class template inherits all the functionality of the Vet tor class template and also allows subscripts to begin with any integer. The first member function listed is a new constructor that allows the user to designate the first and last values of the subscript when the object is declared. The second function is the copy constructor for this subclass, and the third function is the overloaded subscript operator. The last two functions simply return the first and last values of the subscript range.

Fig. 12-7

Note how the two Arrav constructors invoke the corresponding Vector constructors, and how the Arrav subscr$t operator invokes the Vet t or subscriptloperat&

1 2 (0 1 2 (0

Here is a test driver and a sample run:

8.37 Modify the Visual Basic project shown in Examples 7.2 and 8.9 (smallest of two numbers) to determine either the smallest of two numbers or the largest of two numbers (but not both). Add option buttons so that the user may designate his or her choice. Place the labels in a control array and assign the initial properties at run time. Do the same with the the text boxes, the command buttons and the option buttons. Modify the project shown in Example 8.10 (sorting a list of numbers) so that a specified (non-random) list of n numbers can be entered via a series of input boxes, as in Example 8.11. Extend the project developed for the previous problem (sorting a list of numbers) so that any one of the following four rearrangements can be carried out: (a) Smallest to largest, by magnitude (b) Smallest to largest, algebraic (by sign) (c) Largest to smallest, by magnitude (d) Largest to smallest, algebraic

Array<float> x(1,3); x[l] = 3.14159; x[2] = 0.08516; x[3] = 5041.92; tout << "x.size() = ' -CC x.size() tout << "x.firstSubscript() = " C-K tout << "x.lastSubscript() = " -CC for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) tout -C-C "x[' -CC i C-C "1 = " <<

4) 4)

-CC endl; x.firstSubscript() -CC endl; x.lastSubscript() -CC endl; x[i] -C-C endl;

1 2 (0 1 2 (3

x.size() = 3 x.firstSubscript() x.lastSubscript() x[l] = 3.14159 xf2f = 0.08516 xf3] = 5041.92

3) 0)

= = 3 .r

12. 12.

1 -'

13.6 PASSING TEMPLATE CLASSES TO TEMPLATE PARAMETERS We have already seen examples of passing a class to a template parameter:

PRINCIPLE 1:

Note that the numbers within the list need not necessarily be positive. Include a set of option buttons that will allow the user to specify which rearrangement will be used each time the program is executed. Test the program using the following values. 43 83 61 14 94 8.40 85 10 51 49 34 4 71 45 19 50 65 59 32 23 86

Since template classes work like ordinary classes, we,can also pass them to template parameters:

The distance between two points having the same ordinate (or y-value) is the absolute value of the difference of their abscissas. (Hence, the distance between two points must be positive.)

Stack&ector<int>> s; Array<Stack<Rational>> / EXAMPLE 13.6 A a; // a stack of Vector objects // an array of Stack objects

6 3.

The next example shows how this template nesting can facilitate software reuse. Matrix Class Template

PRINCIPLE 2:

A matrix is essentially a two-dimensional vector. For example, a 2-by-3 matrix is a table with 2 rows and 3 columns: We can think of this as a 2-element vector, each of whose elements is a 3-element vector:

The distance between two points having the same abscissa (or x-value) is the absolute value of the difference of their ordinates.

The advantage of this point of view is that it allows us to reuse our Vet t or class template to define a n e w Matrix class template. To facilitate the dynamic allocation of memory, we define a matrix as a vector of pointers to vectors:

We are passing a class template pointer to the template parameter indicated by the outside angle brackets. This really means that when the Matrix class template is instantiated, the instances of the resulting class will contain vectors of pointers to vectors.

1 3.